It is estimated that 3 million children under the age of 15 years have been infected with HIV world wide. The prevalence of HIV infection in Uganda ranges between 5and 10and the infection in children accounts for about 10of all infections. Mother to child transmission (MTCT) of the virus i.e. during pregnancy; delivery or breast-feeding is responsible for more than 90of HIV infection in children. Of those infants infectes through MTCT; it is beleived that about two - thirds are infected during pregnancy and around the time of delivery; and about one-third are infected through breastfeeding. MTCT rates vary considerably. In the developed countries; the risk of an infant acquiring HIV from an infected mother ranges from 15-25comapred with 25 - 45in developing countries. The differences in breast-feeding rates may account for much of this variation. The additional risk of infection when an infant is breast-fed is about 15