Adelantos recientes en genética molecular y presentación clínica de la deficiencia de 21-hidroxilasa
Recent advances in the molecular genetics and clinical presentation of 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa); 15 (6), 2007
Publication year: 2007
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deficiency of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), is distinguished in its classical and nonclassical form and it is also one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited diseases in humans.
The classical form appears in a rate between 1:
5 000 and 1:15 000 among the live neonates of North America and Europe while the non-classical form occurs in approximately 0.2 percent of the general white populations. Three alleles are associated with the 21-OH locus and can be combined in various ways to individuals who are either unaffected, heterozygote carriers, or affected with classical or nonclassical disease. Variable signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism are common to both types of the disorder. The significant advances in molecular biology and gene analysis over the past two decades have led to the development of novel sensitive methods of DNA analysis and study, such as polymerase chain reaction and southern blot analysis. Thus it has been revealed that the synthesis of 21-OH is controlled by two genes, the active CYP21B gene and the CYP21A pseudogene. All three forms of the disease have a known sequence of gene changes owing to mutations in isolated proteins or whole series of genes owing to translocations or deletions of genetic material
La hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita debida a una deficiencia de la enzima 21-hidroxilasa (21-OH) se distingue en sus formas clásica y no clásica y también es una de las enfermedades hereditarias autonómicas recesivas más frecuentes de los seres humanos.