Estimulación del sistema nervioso para el control de la epilepsia refractaria
Stimulating the nervous system to control refractory epilepsy
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa); 14 (4), 2006
Publication year: 2006
Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), an indirect stimulation of the brain, proved effective in animal models of epilepsy, and then in open, as well as double-blinded trials, in over 450 patients. The benefit, seizure reduction, improved for at least 1 1/2 years with almost 50% of treated patients achieving about a 50% reduction in seizure frequency.
Other benefits are:
seizure termination and improved mood. Benefits have been shown in children and adults with partial and generalized epilepsies, and in specific epilepsy syndromes. Implantation is easy. The method of action is largely unknown, although VNS appears to alter metabolic activity in specific brain nuclei. The improvement in mood has led to its approved use in patients with severe depression. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is under investigation as an alternate method for controlling medically refractory seizures. It is based on the observation that thalamic stimulation can influence the EEG over a wide area. Several thalamic nuclei, as well as the amygdalahippocampus complex, caudate nucleus, and substantia nigra, have been the object of stimulation, all holding promise in the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. Intraoperative brain imaging is essential and the procedure is done under local anesthesia. Experience with DBS is limited, but growing
La estimulación del nervio vago (ENV), una estimulación indirecta del cerebro, demostró ser efectiva en modelos de epilepsia con animales y, posteriormente, en un estudio de tipo abierto y en ensayos a doble ciego con más de 450 pacientes. El beneficio, valorado por la disminución en el número de episodios
convulsivos, se mantuvo por al menos un año y medio; aproximadamente el 50% de los pacientes tratados logró una reducción de casi el 50% en la frecuencia de las convulsiones.