Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges in social communication and behavior, with early-onset in life, and high clinical heterogeneity. It has an elevated heritability with a multifactorial cause (environmental, epigenetic, and genetic factors that alter neurogenesis and early synaptogenesis). The global prevalenceis estimated between 1-2 %, although there are warnings of increased incidence. There are risk factors related to preconception, prenatal, and early postnatal events. Timely identification, accurate diagnosis, and early treatment can improve prognosis. The pediatrician or family doctor has a crucial role in the detection and monitoring of the patient and their family. The diagnosis is clinical, based on behavioral observation, development-oriented interviews, reports from various areas, and a complete physical examination performed by experienced professionals. Standardized tools and complementary examinations should be ordered based on clinical judgment. Associated conditions such as other neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric conditions, medical and sensory problems should be investigated. Diagnosis in women is challenging due to professional bias and a differential clinical presentation. Early interventions are recommended, implemented timely, and based on scientific evidence. It should focus on improving skills in challenging areas and leveraging strengths, minimizing barriers, and optimizing the environment. This therapeutic support must contribute to improving the functioning profile and social participation. (AU)