Variables asociadas a abuso físico y psicológico a la pareja
Associated variables with partner physical and psychological abuse
Variáveis associadas a abuso físico e psicológico ao casal
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá); 9 (3), 2011
Publication year: 2011
El abuso físico y el abuso psicológico representan un problema de salud pública frecuente en mujeres colombianas. No obstante, pocas investigaciones exploran las variables asociadas en mujeres adultas.
Objetivo:
establecer variables psicosociales asociadas a abuso físico y psicológico en mujeres de Bogotá (Colombia).Materiales y métodos:
se diseñó un estudio analítico transversal. Se solicitó la participación de mujeres adultas con pareja de estrato socioeconómico bajo.Se aplicaron las escalas:
Apgar familiar (disfunción familiar), Escala de Rosenberg (autoestima), Cuestionario General de Salud (GHQ-12, trastornos mentales comunes) e Índice de Abuso a la Pareja (Index of Spouse Abuse, ISA-8, ISA-F e ISA-P). Mediante regresión logística se ajustaron la variables psicosociales asociadas al abuso físico y al abuso psicológico.Resultados:
participaron 292 mujeres. La media para la edad fue 33,0 años (DE = 9,23). La prevalencia de baja autoestima fue del 29,1%; de disfunción familiar, del 82,5%; de trastornos mentales comunes, del 73,6%; de abuso psicológico, del 68,5% y de abuso físico, del 70,2%. Los trastornos mentales comunes (OR = 4,0; IC 95% 2,2-7,5), baja autoestima (OR = 2,4; IC 95% 1,2-4,7) y disfunción familiar (OR = 2,3; IC 95% 1,1-4,8) se asociaron a abuso psicológico; y baja autoestima (OR = 2,6; IC 95% 1,4-5,0) y trastornos mentales comunes (OR = 2,4; IC 95% 1,4-4,3) a abuso físico.Conclusiones:
es alta la frecuencia de maltrato conyugal en mujeres de estrato socioeconómico bajo de Bogotá. El trastorno mental común y la baja autoestima se asocian a abuso psicológico y a abuso físico.
Physical and psychological abuse (spouse abuse) are a common public health problem in women of Colombia. However, few investigations explore the variables associated in adult women.
Objective:
To establish psychosocial variables associated with spouse abuse in women in situations of vulnerability Bogotá, Colombia.Materials and methods:
A cross-sectional study was designed in which participated of adult women with a current partner dwelling in low socioeconomic status.It was applied the scales:
family Apgar (family dysfunction), Rosenberg Scale (self-esteem), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12, common mental disorders) and Index of Spouse Abuse (physical abuse, ISA-F and; psychological abuse, ISA-P). Logistic regression was used to adjust associated variables with physical abuse and psychological abuse.Results:
A total of 292 women participated. The mean age was 33.0 years (SD = 9.23) and for schooling, 6.7 years (SD = 2.8). The prevalence of 29.1% low self-esteem, family dysfunction was 82.5% of common mental disorders, 73.6%, psychological abuse, 68.5% and physical abuse, 70.2%. Common mental disorders (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 2.2-7.5), low self-esteem (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.7) and family dysfunction (OR = 2.3, 95% IC 1.1-4.8%) were associated with psychological abuse and low self-esteem (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.4-5.0) and; common mental disorders (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.4) with physical abuse.Conclusions:
It is high the frequency of physical abuse and psychological abuse (spouse abuse) among women of low socioeconomic status of Bogotá. Common mental disorders and low self-esteem are associated with spouse abuse.
O abuso físico e o abuso psicológico representam um problema de saúde pública freqüente em mulheres colombianas. Não obstante, poucas pesquisas exploram as variáveis associadas em mulheres adultas.