The retina, essential in the visual function of the eyeball, is a light-sensitive neurosensory tissue located on the inner surface of the eyeball. The light that reaches the retina triggers a series of chemical and electrical phenomena that eventually result in nerve impulses that are sent to the brain through the optic nerve. This tissue, which is so important for the development and processing of vision, is not exempt from pathologies that can generate partial or total damage to its structure and which can compromise important areas such as the macula and its central area, the fovea. There is a variety of pathologies that can aff ect the retina. We will review the most common pathologies due to the characteristics of our population, nutrition, geographical situation and development.