Association between CHA2DS2-VASC score and P wave indexes and echocardiographic parameters in the absence of atrial fibrillation

Demarchi, Amanda Vanessa; Armaganijan, Luciana Vidal; Moreira, Dalmo Antonio Ribeiro; Shinzato, Mariane Higa; Vilalva, Kelvin Henrique; Graffitti, Pablo Santos; Bertin, Rodrigo Augusto de Miranda; David, Murilo Amato; Vilhena, Mathias Antonio Haruno de; Carvalho, Guilherme Dagostin de

INTRODUCTION:

Several P wave indexes and echocardiographic data are associated with a higher risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and thromboembolism; however, there are few studies in patients without AF and even less comparing these parameters with CHA2DS2-VASc score.

OBJECTIVES:

Primary: Evaluate the association between P wave indexes [P wave duration, dispersion and variability, maximum and minimum P wave duration, P wave voltage in lead I (PVL1), Morris index, PR interval (PRI), P/PRI ratio and P wave peak time] and CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients without AF and valve disease.

Secondary:

To assess the association between echocardiographic parameters [left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) size, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV mass and LV indexed mass] and CHA2DS2-VASC score in the same population.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study in which clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data from patients without AF and valve disease were collected and analyzed. For statistical analysis, the Chi-Square Test, Mann-Whitney U-Test and Spearman Correlation (RHO) were used with the significance level of 5%.

RESULTS:

Mean age of the 272 consecutive patients analyzed was 62.4 ± 12.6 years and 56.6% were female. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was positively associated with PRI (RHO=0.13, p=0.032), LA (RHO=0.301, p<0.01) and VE size (RHO=0.197, p=0.01), LV mass (RHO=0.261, p<0.01) and LV indexed mass (RHO=0.340, p<0.01), while P wave amplitude (RHO=-0.141, p =0.02), PVL1 (RHO=-0.191, p=0.02) and LVEF (RHO=-0.344, p<0.01) were negatively associated with the same score (table). The presence of the Morris index was related with high CHA2DS2-VASc. The other evaluated parameters were not significantly associated with the score.

CONCLUSION:

This study showed significant associations between CHA2DS2-VASc score and P wave indexes and echocardiographic data. All these parameters are independent risk predictors of thromboembolism, even in the absence of AF. Therefore, these not invasive and relatively easily available tests can be useful to complement cardiovascular risk and AF development risk.