CASE REPORT:

A 13yo patient, with a history of Kawasaki disease at the age of 2yo, diagnosed at the time with coronary artery aneurysm, treated with immunoglobulin and continued dual antiplatelet. Without follow-up, remained asymptomatic until January 2024, when has began to develop sporadic episodes of short-term chest pain, without well-identified triggering factors. He underwent Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) demonstrating partially thrombosed aneurysm and calcified walls in the middle segment of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA), measuring 23 mm length and diameters of 12 x 10.5mm, with slight luminal reduction (Figure 1); There was also evidence of an aneurysm at the origin of the Circumflex Artery (ACx) with diameters of 7 x 6 mm without signs of a thrombus (Figure 2). After the test results, antithrombotic therapy and outpatient follow-up care was estabilished. In subsequent evaluations, the patient reported absent of new episodes of chest pain.

DISCUSSION:

An aneurism of coronary artery is an uncomun lesion, wich is defined as a 50% or greater increase in coronary artery diameter compared with an adjacent arterial segment. The number of complications related to coronary aneurysm are many, and includes embolic phenomenon, thrombosis, spasm, arteriovenous fistulization, and rupture. Kawasaki desease is a granulomatous inflammatory vasculitis wich can affect different anatomic regions of the heart, including the coronary arteries in 20-40% of the cases leading to stenosis or aneurysms. To date, there is no consensus on the most assertive method for diagnosing Kawasaki disease when transthoracic echocardiography is limitated. However, CCTA has been shown to be highly specific and sensitive for the accurate detection of coronary artery aneurysms. It can be considered a better and safer strategy, since it doesn‘t expose this population, pediatric in most cases, to the risk of possible procedural and vascular complications associated with invasive coronary angiography; and it has been also shownd to be superior to transthoracic echocardiogram.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results demonstrated by imaging exams illustrated in the case described, we can highlight that CCTA can be considered a superior diagnostic instrument. As it is a non-invasive method, it offers a better safety profile for the diagnosis and long-term follow-up of patients with coronary artery aneurysm, to quickly guide appropriate management in order to avoid complications.