The increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases is one of the main concerns worldwide. Therefore, it is pertinent to ask how care system organizations responded to the requirements currently being posed by chronic diseases, specifically type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the world, different models have been developed considering elements that transcend the biological stability of the disease. Chile has the great challenge of exploring new models that emphasize the promotion and prevention of health rather than the management of the disease. The impact of variables such as health literacy, self-efficacy and subjective well-being on T2DM should be explored. In addition, it is necessary to validate and implement guidelines and protocols of care that incorporate the aforementioned variables.