The purpose of the present work is to study the satisfaction with the working and living conditions as assessed by participants of the Zemsky Doctor program in rural areas. Materials and methods. The study has been carried out by the Tyumen State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in association with the Tyumen Public Health Department based on surveying 288 doctors participating in the Zemsky Doctor program in the Tyumen Region (excluding districts). Main results. As a result of the analysis, it has been revealed that one of the main factors of job satisfaction is opportunities of professional and career development. The analysis has shown that on average the program participants give a rather high assessment of the living conditions, although depending on municipal districts the satisfaction considerably differs. Conclusion. The working and living conditions in the rural areas under the study have been grouped according to the respondents’ satisfaction. The main factors of dissatisfaction with the working and living conditions in the rural areas included career opportunities, leisure conditions, opportunity for professional growth, and the need for domiciliary duty. The obtained results can be used by the management of both medical organizations and municipal districts to solve the personnel problems in the area of the rural health care when taking relevant management decisions. Substantiation of the study novelty. The Zemsky Doctor program has been in force in the Russian Federation since 2012. Its implementation showed that the program had only partially solved the personnel problem in the area of the rural health care. Some participants of the Zemsky Doctor program prematurely terminated the concluded contracts. In this regard, it is necessary to carry out studies on the reasons of dissatisfaction with the working and living conditions in the rural areas.