Added sugars: Definitions, classifications, metabolism and health implications
Açúcares de adição: definições, classificações,metabolismo e implicações à saúde
Rev. Nutr. (Online); 30 (5), 2017
Publication year: 2017
ABSTRACT The sugars added to foods have been featured in recent scientific research, including the publication of the World Health Organization recommendation to limit consumption of added sugars, based on studies on weight gain and dental caries. However, it is possible that there is evidence of an association between excessive consumption and other pathologies, but scientific studies have yet to investigate these associations. Moreover, there is no consensus on the descriptions and definitions of these sugars, with several terms and components used to designate them. In Brazil, there are few studies investigating added sugars, identifying a lack of discussion on this subject. This paper presents a literature review of sugars added to foods, from their definitions and classifications to the metabolism and health effects.
The search was performed without limiting dates in the following databases:
Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and SciELO, as well as in national and international official sites. Keywords in Portuguese and English related to sugars added to foods were used, in combination with terms related to systematic review and meta-analysis studies, in order to find research linking added sugars consumption with health damage. The literature indicates that there is a relationship between excessive consumption of added sugars and various health outcomes, including weight gain, type 2 diabetes Mellitus, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. The different descriptions of sugars in foods may confuse both food consumers and researchers, since each term includes different components. Thus, it is suggested to use the standardized term "added sugar" as the most suitable term for the broader population to understand, because it indicates that those sugars are not natural food components.
RESUMO Os açúcares adicionados aos alimentos estão em destaque em pesquisas científicas recentes, inclusive em decorrência da publicação da Organização Mundial da Saúde com recomendações de limitação do seu consumo, baseando-se em estudos sobre ganho de peso e cárie dental. Entretanto, é possível que haja evidências de associação do consumo excessivo com outras patologias, mas não foram encontrados estudos que as reúnam. Além disso, ainda não há consenso científico quanto às denominações e definições desses açúcares. No Brasil, há poucos estudos que investigaram os açúcares de adição, identificando-se escassez de discussão a respeito. Diante disso, este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre os açúcares adicionados aos alimentos, desde suas definições e classificações até o metabolismo e efeitos à saúde.