In this study, the authors perform a comparative analysis of the psychological and pedagogical aspect of the formation of health culture and the dynamics of the incidence in schoolchildren. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that, despite the attention to the younger generation, during the educational process, the number of healthy children is decreasing and the incidence of chronic diseases is increasing. The object of the study is the health state of children between 7 and 18 years of age residing in the village of Zavodskoy. The village of Zavodskoy is an urban-type settlement, located near (2 km) the city of Vladikavkaz. The subject of the study is the regularities of the incidence of chronic diseases in schoolchildren. The purpose of the study is to identify the conditions for protecting and improving health in the conditions of the educational process. Based on the literature review and data of the conducted statistical analysis of the dynamics of incidence of chronic diseases for the period of two years, the incidence of chronic diseases in schoolchildren residing in the village of Zavodskoy has been reviewed and systematized. Recommendations on preservation and improvement of health have been provided