Clin. biomed. res; 39 (3), 2019
Publication year: 2019
Introdução:
A comida tem um papel proeminente na obtenção do iodo e uma das
melhores estratégias é a iodização do sal. No Brasil, a Anvisa reduziu as doses de iodo
no sal de cozinha desde 2014. Portanto, é importante avaliar a concentração urinária
de iodo (CIU) em nossa população. Com base no exposto, propõe-se avaliar a CIU
das gestantes, associando-a à frequência de bócio materno, aborto e peso neonatal.
Métodos:
Trata-se de um estudo observacional com um corte transversal composto
por 37 pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina
de Barbacena e uma clínica particular em Juiz de Fora. A CIU foi verificada em 24
horas de urina.
Resultados:
A média de CIU foi de 213,6 μg/l de urina, com dose mínima de 29 μg/l
e máxima de 437 μg/l. A glândula tireoide foi avaliada durante o exame clínico prénatal (palpação da glândula) e em 24 pacientes (38,1%) foi considerada normal. A
palpação da glândula tireoide foi associada à CIU. Houve maior iodúria em gestantes
com glândula não palpável (p = 0,004; T = 14,13). Não houve associação entre a CIU
e história de aborto ou peso fetal ao nascimento (p > 0,05).
Conclusões:
Apesar de ser uma amostra pequena da população, identificamos
pacientes expostas ao déficit. No entanto, a CIU não parece estar associada ao peso
do recém-nascido ou a abortos, mas à dosagem de TSH e ao tamanho da glândula
tireoide. Assim, a palpação da glândula tireoide poderia ser usada como uma medida
indireta do CIU. (AU)
Introduction:
Food has a prominent role in providing iodine and one of the best
strategies is salt iodization. The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency has reduced
iodine content in table salt since 2014. Therefore, there is a need for evaluating urinary
iodine concentration in our population, especially after the modified recommendations.
Based on the above, we sought to assess urinary iodine concentration in pregnant
women, associating it with frequency of maternal goiter, abortion and neonatal weight.
Methods:
This observational, cross-sectional study included 37 patients seen at the
Obstetrics Service of Barbacena Medical School and a private clinic in Juiz de Fora,
both in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Iodine concentration was determined in 24-
hour urine through chromatography.
Results:
The mean 24-hour urine iodine was 213.6 μg/l, with minimum and maximum
measures of 29 μg/l and 437 μg/l, respectively. The thyroid gland was assessed by
prenatal clinical examination (palpation of the gland). In 24 patients (38.1%) it was
considered normal. Palpation of the thyroid gland was associated with 24-hour urine
iodine concentration, although a higher iodine concentration was identified in pregnant
women with non-palpable gland (p = 0.004; T = 14.13). There was no association between
24-hour urine iodine concentration and history of abortion or birth weight (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
This study, although based on a small sample of the population, was
important to identify that even in areas where iodine is considered sufficient there
may be patients exposed to iodine deficit. However, urinary iodine concentration does
not appear to be associated with birth weight or abortion frequency but is associated
with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and thyroid gland size, suggesting that
clinical evaluation of the thyroid gland is an important element for predicting urinary
iodine concentration. Thus, palpation of the thyroid gland could be used as an indirect
measure of urinary iodine concentration. (AU)