Prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in newborns in a hospital from a developing country
Prevalencia de hipoacusia neurosensorial del recién nacido: hospital en un país en vía de desarrollo
Rev. salud pública; 21 (1), 2019
Publication year: 2019
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nonsyndromic congenital sensorineural hearing loss at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia, and to describe the risk factors associated with this condition. Materials and Methods A prospective, observational cross-sectional study with bivariate analysis was conducted. A three-phase process using the Otoacoustic Emissions test screened all live newborns between June 2013 and June 2014. Negative cases were confirmed by Automated Auditory Brainstem Response test.
Results A total of 962 newborns were screened with Otoacoustic Emissions test bilaterally:
401 males (46.36%), 464 females (53.64%). The mean weight was 2 798.10 g (95%CI: 2 766.51 - 2 839.76). The mean height was 48.60 cm (95%CI: 48.38 - 48.79). The mean age was 16.24 days (95%CI: 15.47 - 17.01). The mean maternal age was 27.37 years (95%CI: 26.76 - 27.98). There was a family history of hearing loss in 9.48% of the cases (n=90), and a family history of genetic diseases in 100 cases (10.56%). There were 14 cases of TORCH infections (1.45%), 375 admissions to the NICU (39.06%), 160 cases of neonatal jaundice (20.1%), and 79 cases of postpartum infections (8.21%). One live newborn presented with microtia. Conclusions The prevalence of congenital sensorineural hearing loss was 0.31% in both ears, and 0.11% in one ear. Currently, Colombia lacks a public universal newborn hearing screening program, and its future implementation faces great challenges.(AU)
RESUMEN Objetivos Este estudio busca determinar la prevalencia de la hipoacusia neurosensorial congénita no sindrómica en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá, Colombia, y describir sus factores de riesgo. Materiales y Métodos Estudio observacional, transversal y prospectivo con análisis bivariado. Todos los nacidos vivos entre junio de 2013 y junio de 2014 fueron tamizados con Emisiones Otoacusticas. Los casos negativos fueron confirmados con Potenciales Evocados Auditivos de Tronco Cerebral.