Entorno de mujeres embarazadas mexicanas y sus conocimientos y actitudes sobre la atención prenatal
Mexican pregnant women's environment, knowledge and attitudes on prenatal care
Ambiente de gestantes mexicanas e seus conhecimentos e atitudes sobre o pré-natal
Rev. salud pública; 21 (2), 2019
Publication year: 2019
RESUMEN Objetivos Explorar barreras y facilitadores para contar con atención prenatal, conocimientos sobre embarazo saludable y; actitudes frente al embarazo. Métodos Estudio cuali-cuantitativo, en embarazadas con vulnerabilidad socio-económica. Se examinaron barreras y facilitadores para recibir atención prenatal y entrevistas estructuradas y semi-estructuradas para evaluar conocimientos y actitudes frente al embarazo. En el análisis cualitativo se categorizaron datos y en el cuantitativo, se estimaron frecuencias y proporciones y promedio y D.E. Resultados Se entrevistaron 10 mujeres entre 18 y 33 años de edad, 50% acudieron al cuidado prenatal durante el primer trimestre.
Los facilitadores para atención prenatal:
roles en la pareja y apoyo familiar.Las barreras:
entorno inseguro, al interior y el exterior del hogar y falta de recursos para transportarse. La mayoría no recibió información para aumentar de peso durante el embarazo. Casi ninguna conocía sobre depresión ni maltrato. La mitad desconocía riesgos del tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias adictivas, así como de prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas.Las actitudes en torno al embarazo:
con estresores de su entorno; viven en ambientes caóticos; con miedos por el embarazo; e interés por adquirir conocimientos sobre su embarazo. Conclusión Las mujeres tienen disposición para adquirir conocimientos sobre el embarazo y cuentan con apoyo familiar y de pareja. Su atención debe fortalecer temas de salud mental, violencia familiar, ganancia saludable de peso, riesgos de sustancias adictivas y prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas; contemplando afronta-miento de entornos inseguros, manejo del tiempo y de la economía familiar.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objectives To explore the barriers and facilitators to prenatal care, as well as the knowledge about healthy pregnancy and the attitude towards pregnancy. Materials and Methods Mixed-methods study in pregnant women with social and economic vulnerability. Barriers and facilitators for prenatal care were examined using ethnographic methods, while structured and semi-structured interviews were used to assess knowledge and attitudes. Data were categorized during the qualitative analysis, and frequencies, ratios, average and standard deviation were calculated in the quantitative analysis. Results Ten women aged between 18 and 33 years were interviewed; 50% sought prenatal care during their first trimester. Facilitators included partner role and family support, and barriers were unsafe neighborhood and home, and lack of funds to cover transportation to the clinic. Most women did not receive information related to weight gain. Almost none knew about depression or abuse. Half of them did not know about risks of addictive substances, nor did they know about prevention of infectious diseases. Finally, attitudes towards pregnancy were: environmental stressors; chaotic homes; fears about pregnancy; and interest in knowing more about pregnancy. Conclusion The interviewed women were open to learn about their pregnancy and they have family and spouse support. Prenatal care should be strengthened with topics related to mental health, domestic abuse, healthy weight gain, risk of addictive substances, and prevention of infectious diseases. They can be enhanced by including safety in unsafe areas, as well as techniques for better time and family economy management.(AU)