¿Por qué no diagnosticamos el cáncer gástrico incipiente? ¿Cómo podemos mejorar?
Why do we fail in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer? How can we improve?
Gastroenterol. latinoam; 28 (supl.1), 2017
Publication year: 2017
Detection and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) in early stages is the most effective approach for improving
prognosis. Patients with early gastric cancer (EGC), defined as a type of cancer affecting only mucosa
and submucosa, has a good prognosis in the long-term, and if some criteria are met, endoscopic therapy is
curative. Unfortunately EGC diagnosis is rare, except in case of some Asian countries, where more than
50% of tumors are diagnosed in this stage. In Japan, the main technique for early diagnosis is opportunistic
screening, i.e. endoscopy performed for different reasons.
Some of the factors that affect endoscopic diagnose include:
characteristics of the lesion (some cases slight changes in color or in the surface, a location that is difficult to detect, except in retro view); elements associated with the endoscopic technique (lesions hidden underneath gastric contents, non-systematic visualization, not enough time for exploration); and early access to the procedure (long waiting lists, lack of clinic or epidemiology screening criteria, lack of risk-stratification looking for pre-malignant lesions to establish endoscopic follow-up). Know and act upon the mentioned factors is a path that has proven to improve EGC diagnosis and therefore, improve prognosis.
Detectar y tratar el cáncer gástrico (CG) en una etapa inicial constituye la estrategia más efectiva para
mejorar el pronóstico de esta patología. Pacientes con CG incipiente (CGI), definido como el que compromete sólo la mucosa y la submucosa, tienen un muy buen pronóstico a largo plazo y si se cumplen algunos
criterios, el tratamiento endoscópico es curativo. Desgraciadamente el diagnóstico de CGI es infrecuente
en todo el mundo, a excepción de algunos países asiáticos donde más de la mitad de los tumores se diagnostican en esta etapa. En Japón la principal vía por la que se realiza este diagnóstico precoz es mediante
el tamizaje oportunista, es decir, la endoscopia que se realiza de manera cotidiana por diferentes motivos.