Tuberculosis de tipo adulto en los niños
Adult-type tuberculosis in children
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa); 15 (6), 2007
Publication year: 2007
One of the fascinating aspects of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is the diverse spectrum of pathology, which necessitates accurate disease classification. This manuscript provides a brief overview of the disease diversity observed in children with TB, with particular emphasis on adult-type TB. Cavitary disease in children may result from three distinct pathologic processes; 1) poor containment within the Ghon focus (mainly very young and/or immune compromised children), 2) aspiration of virulent bacilli following eruption of a diseased lymph node into an airway with resultant caseating pneumonia and parenchymal destruction (mainly children < 5 yrs of age), and 3) from adulttype disease (mainly children > 10 yrs of age). The exact pathological mechanism underlying adult-type disease remains uncertain. The combination of a destructive cell mediated immune response together with increased organism survival and proliferation in the lung apices, may initiate a vicious circle of parenchymal destruction. This hypothesis may explain the sudden emergence of adult-type disease around puberty, as well as the typical anatomical location of the lung cavities. Most children with adult-type disease are sputum smear-positive and can be diagnosed with routine sputum smear microscopy at primary
health care level. Due to the high organism load the same treatment rationale used in adults with sputum smear-positive TB would apply, which justifies the use of four drugs during the initial intensive phase. These children pose a considerable transmission risk, particularly in congregate settings such as schools, and screening of close contacts should also be considered
Uno de los aspectos fascinantes de la tuberculosis (TB) infantil es el amplio espectro de las alteraciones histopatológicas, lo que requiere una clasificación precisa de los hallazgos. Este manuscrito proporciona un breve panorama general de la diversidad de presentaciones clínicas observadas en los niños con
TB y hace hincapié particularmente en la TB que imita las formas del adulto.