Evaluation of the influence of nutritional status, measures of frailty and level of physical activity on the quality of life of long-lived individuals

Clementino, Maria Daniela; Goulart, Rita Maria Monteiro

Abstract Introduction:

Aging is a worldwide phenomenon that has favored an increase in people aged 80 years and older.

Objective:

To assess the influence of nutritional status (NS), measures of frailty, and physical activity level (PAL) on the quality of life (QoL) of long-lived people.

Method:

The study was carried out from Oct 2016 to Sept 2017 with 103 individuals aged 80 years or more. NS was classified according to the PAHO Health, Well-Being and Aging (SABE) survey; waist circumference (WC) and calf perimeter (CP) was based on the WHO classification; handgrip strength (HGS) and gait speed (GS) used the classification proposed by Lauretani; PAL was classified according to the IPAQ short form; the WHOQoL-bref and WHOQoL-old were applied to measure QOL. Variables were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U and t-tests.

Results:

69.2% were women, with an average age of 82.75 (± 2.98) years, and only WC showed a significant association (p <0.001). The older women without dynapenia exhibited better QoL in the physical domain (p = 0.004), social relationships (p = 0.022), self-reported QoL (p = 0.017) of the WHOQoL-bref and social participation facet (p = 0.025) of WHOQOL-old. Comparison of QoL with NS and PAL showed a significant difference in self-reported QoL (p = 0.027) for the former and past, present and future activities for the latter (p = 0.050).

Conclusion:

Obesity and the absence of dynapenia were positively associated with the QoL of long-lived individuals. PAL was associated with positive QoL in one facet of the WHOQoL-old.

Resumo Introdução:

Envelhecimento é um fenômeno mundial que favoreceu o aumento de idosos com 80 anos ou mais.

Objetivo:

Avaliar a influência do estado nutricional (EN), medidas de fragilidade, nível de atividade física (NAF) com a qualidade de vida (QV) de idosos longevos.

Método:

Estudo realizado de out/2016 a set/2017 com 103 idosos ≥80 anos. O EN foi classificado segundo OPAS/SABE; circunferência abdominal (CA) e da panturrilha (CP) utilizou-se a classificação WHO; força de preensão palmar (FPP) e velocidade de marcha (VM) utilizou-se a classificação proposta por Lauretani; NAF foi classificado segundo IPAQ versão curta; para a mensuração da QV foram utilizados WHOQoL-bref e old. As variáveis foram avaliadas através do Test t e teste U de Mann-Whitney.

Resultados:

69.2% eram mulheres, média de 82.75 (±2.98) anos, apenas a variável CA apresentou associação significativa (p<0.001). As idosas sem dinapenia apresentaram melhor QV no domínio físico (p=0.004), relação social (p=0.022) e autoavaliação da QV (p=0.017) do WHOQoL-bref e na faceta de participação social (p=0.025) do WHOQoL-old. Comparada a percepção de QV pelo EN, houve diferença significativa na autoavaliação da QV (p=0.027), pelo NAF observou-se diferença significativa na faceta atividades passadas, presentes e futuras (p=0.050).

Conclusão:

A obesidade e ausência de dinapenia associaram-se positivamente com a QV dos longevos. O NAF foi associado com a QV positiva em uma faceta do WHOQoL-old.