Incidencia y factores asociados a la incontinencia urinaria oculta en mujeres en posmenopausia con procidencia genital

Espitia de la Hoz, Franklin José

Objetivo:

evaluar la incidencia y establecer los factores asociados a la incontinencia urinaria oculta en mujeres con procidencia genital.

Materiales y métodos:

se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo de corte trasversal en una población de mujeres con procidencia genital a las que se les diagnosticó incontinencia urinaria oculta. Se obtuvo información socio-demográfica y de antecedentes personales, se determinó la incidencia de incontinencia urinaria oculta, y se evaluaron los factores asociados al desarrollo de esta última. Se establecieron asociaciones según la naturaleza de las variables.

Resultados:

se analizaron 201 mujeres con procidencia genital, de las cuales el 72,13% (n 145) presentaron incontinencia urinaria oculta, el 47,58% era leve; 43,44%, moderada, y 10,34%, severa. El síntoma predominante, en el total de las 201 (100%) pacientes, fue la sensación de bulto vaginal, seguido del dolor pélvico (77,61 %). Al evaluar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo para incontinencia urinaria oculta y la procidencia genital, se observó mayor riesgo en el parto vaginal (OR 8,4; IC 95%: 2,7-21,3), la multiparidad (OR 8,7; IC 95%: 2,1-34,5) y la edad mayor a 60 años (OR 5,4; IC 95%: 1,8-14,7). La nuliparidad (OR 0,31; IC 95%: 0,17-0,59) y la no realización de episiotomía (OR 0,26; IC 95%: 0,08-0,91) resultaron ser un factor protector.

Conclusiones:

la incontinencia urinaria oculta es frecuente en mujeres con procidencia genital, estando por encima de las tres cuartas partes de la población estudiada. De acuerdo con este estudio, tiene indicación la realización de procedimientos antiincontinencia, en mujeres sometidas a cirugía por prolapso genital severo.

Introduction:

Prolapse of pelvic organs is the herniation of the pelvic organs towards or beyond the vaginal walls. It is characterized by being a common condition in postmenopausal women. Its presence can have a detrimental impact on body image and sexuality. The treatment requires important health resources; being the annual cost of ambulatory care, close to 300 million dollars.

Objective:

To evaluate the incidence and establish the factors associated with occult urinary incontinence in women with genital prolapse.

Materials and methods:

A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in a population of women with genital prognosis who were diagnosed with hidden urinary incontinence. Socio-demographic and personal background information was obtained, the incidence of hidden urinary incontinence was determined, and the factors associated with the development of the latter were evaluated. Associations were established according to the nature of the variables.

Results:

201 women with genital prolapse were analyzed, of which 72.13% (n 145) presented hidden urinary incontinence, 47.58% were mild, 43.44% moderate and 10.34% severe. The predominant symptom, in the total of the 201 (100%) patients, was the sensation of a vaginal bulge, followed by pelvic pain (77.61%). When evaluating the association between risk factors for hidden urinary incontinence and genital prolapse, there was an increased risk in vaginal delivery (OR 8.4, 95% CI: 2.7-21.3), multiparity (OR 8.7, 95% CI: 2.1-34.5) and age over 60 years (OR 5.4, 95% CI: 1.8-14.7). The nulliparity (OR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.17-0.59) and non-performance of episiotomy (OR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.91) were found to be a protective factor.

Conclusions:

Hidden urinary incontinence is frequent in women with genital prolapse, being above . parts of the population studied. According to this study, it is indicated the performance of anti-incontinence procedures in women undergoing surgery for severe genital prolapse.