Lesiones silentes de sustancia blanca cerebral en individuos con hipertensión arterial esencial
Silent white matter lesions brain in individuals with hypertension essential arterial
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa); 13 (3), 2005
Publication year: 2005
The pathogenesis and clinical significance of cerebral white matter lesions (WML) is poorly understood. Most studies have shown that age and hypertension are the most important factors related to the presence of WML. In addition, there are some evidences suggesting that susceptibility to WML is largely determined by genetic factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible association between clinical, biological and genetic
factors, and the presence of WML in middle-aged, asymptomatic essential hypertensive patients. A total of 71 individuals (43 men, 28 women), aged 50-60 years, with never-treated essential hypertension and without clinical evidence of target organ damage were studied. All patients underwent a 24h-ABPM, an echocardiography, a neuropsychologic test, and a genetic study of renin-angiotensin system polymorphisms. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of WML in brain magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 28 (39.4%) hypertensive patients showed WML in brain-resonance.
Compared with hypertensives without WML, patients with WML showed significantly higher values of both office and 24h-ABPM systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure. No differences were observed in either the nocturnal fall of blood pressure, or in blood pressure variability. The prevalence of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was significantly higher (p = 0.002) in patients with WML (54%) than in hypertensives without WML (11%). Patients with WML exhibited a significantly worse performance on digit span forward, a standardized measure of attention, than hypertensives without WML. The frequency of the DD genotype of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in patients with WML (64%) was significantly higher (p = 0.022) than that observed in patients without WML (28.6%). The presence of WML in middle-aged hypertensive patients is related to the severity of blood pressure elevation, and to concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and also to mild decline in basic attention. The presence of the DD genotype of the ACE gene may be a predisposing factor for developing WML in essential hypertensive patients.
El significado clínico y la patogénesis de las lesiones cerebrales de la sustancia blanca (LSB) no están aclarados. La mayoría de los estudios sugieren que la edad y la hipertensión arterial son los factores más importantes relacionados con la presencia de
LSB. También se sugirió la existencia de factores genéticos en la susceptibilidad de desarrollar LSB. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar posibles factores clínicos, biológicos y genéticos relacionados con la presencia de LSB en pacientes de mediana edad afectados por hipertensión arterial esencial. Se incluyeron 71 pacientes con hipertensión esencial de ambos sexos, de edades comprendidas entre 50 y 60 años, nunca tratados y sin evidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular.