Introduction Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a public health problem with high economic impact, as well as an important cause of death and sequela in polytrauma patients, affecting mainly young adults. Objective To analyze the temporal trend of TBI incidence in Brazil between 2008 and 2019, according to age group and gender. Methods An ecological study, based on secondary data from hospital admissions for TBI in all Brazilian states between 2008 and 2019. The numbers were collected using the hospital information systemof the Unified Health System in Brazil.We performed a descriptive analysis using the data obtained. Linear regression models were used to measure the incidence trend of TBI in the period adopted. Results The state of Piauí had the highest increase in the incidence of TBI in the country in the last 10 years (coefficient β¼63.43 e p¼0.002). The main concern, though, is the increase in the incidence of TBI amongst children (0–4 years old) in the states of Ceará (β¼31.22 and p<0.001 for boys; β¼42.20 and p<0.001 for girls), Paraná (β¼37.26 and p¼0.011 for boys; β¼25.90 and p¼0.015 for girls), Pernambuco (β¼20.08 and p¼0.016 for girls), Mato Grosso (β¼18.76 and p¼0.005 for boys; β¼16.11 and p¼0.035 for girls), and Distrito Federal (β¼48.87 and p¼0.004 for girls; β¼48.28 and p¼0.006 for boys). Conclusion The analysis of the results is able to point out improvements that can be made. Besides that, it is remarkably important to redirect public polices to preventive medicine sincemany of the TBI causes are avoidable through awareness and education of the population.