Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem inWestern countries. ATBI brings many negative consequences, including behavioral and cognitive changes, which affect social adjustment and the performance of functional activities. Cognitive evaluation after TBI is a complex issue in what pertains to definition of the most appropriate questionnaires for clinical use in a comprehensive analysis of the condition of the patient. In this paper, we described a critical review of the main cognitive assessment tests currently used in clinical and research settings in patients with TBI.