The concepts introduced by the Minimally Invasive Dentistry (MID) allowed the rising of new conservative treatment and assessment system for caries lesions’ classification. In this context, the approaches of the incipient caries lesions surpass the use of only traditional restorative techniques. The aim of this study was to review the new caries classifications criteria (ICDAS and CAST), the importance of the early diagnosis of caries lesions and the clinical procedures for treatment in MID.