Glomerulopatía colapsante
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa); 13 (4), 2005
Publication year: 2005
Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is an aggressive type of renal injury first recognized in HIV patients and increasingly seen in non-HIV patients as an idiopathic disease or in various clinical associations. CG shares many clinical and pathologic features in HIV and non-HIV patients. It is characterized by heavy proteinuria frequently combined with rapidly progressive renal failure, and poor outcome. Light microscopy reveals glomerular collapse with prominence and degenerative changes of the podocytes, and frequently a severe tubulointerstitial injury with microcystic tubular changes.
Pathogenesis of CG involves a peculiar podocyte injury:
podocytes re-enter cell cycle, loose their normal cytoarchitecture, maturity markers, and function. This aberrant proliferative response is observed in both HIV and non-HIV patients with CG but not in other forms of nephrotic glomerulopathies. It becomes apparent that in HIV patients CG is directly caused by the viral infection of the kidney, although unrecognized host factors may play a role. In the population of non-HIV patients, CG mostly remains of un-established origin, however, potential etiologic links with parvovirus B19 and other viral infections, autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders as well as therapeutic agents (high-dose pamidronate therapy) are emerging.
La glomerulopatía colapsante (GC) es una forma agresiva de enfermedad renal inicialmente diagnosticada en pacientes con infección por HIV, y crecientemente en pacientes sin HIV, como una enfermedad idiopática o asociada con diferentes cuadros clínicos. La GC comparte varias características clínicas y patológicas en los pacientes HIV+ y HIV-. Se caracteriza por proteinuria grave generalmente asociada con insuficiencia renal rápidamente progresiva y mala evolución. A través del microscopio óptico se observa un colapso glomerular con prominencias y cambios degenerativos en los podocitos y con frecuencia una lesión tubulointersticial grave con cambios tubulares microquísticos.