Manejo anestésico de la paciente de urgencia embarazada
Pregnant patient in emergency
Rev. chil. anest; 50 (1), 2021
Publication year: 2021
Laparoscopic apendicectomy posterior fossa surgery in the sitting position in a pregnant patient with cerebellopontine angle meningioma. A review is made of those anatomical and physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, that may affect anesthesia administration. Emphasis is made in upper airway, respiratory function, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes that are relevant to the administration of general and regional anesthesia are described. The most suitable time for surgery is discussed and is concluded that elective surgery must not be performed during pregnancy and it should be postponed until after delivery. In some cases, immediately after, such as tubal sterilization, and others, after normalization of physiological parameters.
A remark is made regarding teratogenicity:
Although there is a well-known effect of anesthetic drugs on cell formation, mitosis and DNA synthesis (which participate in cell differentiation and organogenesis), any significant change in function or morphology of a child, secondary to a prenatal treatments (such as, anesthetic management) may eventually affect the outcome. Finally, recommendations are made regarding the anesthetic techniques of choice. There is not a single optimal technique for all cases but becomes clear that maintaining maternal oxygenation and uteroplacental flow are the key. Whichever technique is chosen, it is paramount to avoid hypoxemia and acidosis, maintaining normocarbia and normothermia, treating hypotension aggressively; however, in general when a regional technique is feasible, its use is preferable.
La apendicectomía laparoscópica es la cirugía más frecuente durante el embarazo. El Colegio Americano de Obstetras y Ginecólogos (ACOG), sugiere que es importante contactar a un obstetra antes de realizar la cirugía. Se hace una revisión de los cambios anatómicos y fisiológicos que ocurren durante el embarazo más relacionados con la administración de anestesia, especialmente en la vía aérea superior, en la función respiratoria, en el sistema cardiovascular y a nivel gastrointestinal. Se describen los cambios farmacológicos, farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos implicados con la administración de anestesia general y regional.