A transgender person is someone whose gender identity is incongruent with their biological sex, that is, the sex assigned at birth. These individuals undergo body modifications in an attempt to improve their quality of life, especially transgender women. Despite this need, they face multiple access barriers that lead them to irregular providers of cosmetic services. Thus, seeking these centers entails exposure to: substances not approved by authorities, establishments with questionable hygiene, and unqualified personnel. These three factors increasethe likelihood of users being exposed to complications that can leave permanent effects and even cause their death. Unapproved cosmetic substances include silicone, paraffin, and cooking oil. However, approved compounds also come with usage restrictions, as they can only be used in certain body parts; otherwise, adverse effects may occur. Possible complications include infections, polymer migration (local or systemic), hypercalcemia, among others. In Chile, there is no evidence of the uses and consequences of this. In response to this, the following work presents a literature review aimed at summarizing the evidence on the medical consequences of irregular polymer use in transgender individuals and the national situation regarding this.