Fibromialgia: puesta al día y revisión de literatura
Fibromyalgia: update and literature review
Rev. méd. Maule; 39 (2), 2024
Publication year: 2024
Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, sleep disorders, and fatigue, all of which are associated with increased central sensitivity. Its global prevalence is estimated to be between 2% and 4%, with a rate of 2.6% in cases of non-cancer-related pain in Chile. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical evaluation, with additional tests considered according to specific differential diagnoses. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are not yet fully understood, predisposing factors such as genetics, stress, nociplastic alterations, and cognitive-emotional changes have been identified.
Treatment should be individualized and focus on four key pillars:
patient education, lifestyle modifications, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy as a last resort. This literature review aims to address the approach that physicians, especially those in primary care, should adopt, as evidence suggests improved prognosis when care is provided in a comprehensive and multidisciplinary setting. Therefore, it is crucial that healthcare professionals are adequately prepared to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management in each case.
La fibromialgia es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por dolor musculoesquelético generalizado, trastornos del sueño y fatiga, todos ellos asociados a una sensibilidad central aumentada. Se estima que su prevalencia global es del 2% al 4%, con una tasa del 2,6% en casos de dolor no relacionado con cáncer en Chile. El diagnóstico se basa principalmente en la evaluación clínica, con pruebas adicionales que deben considerarse según los diagnósticos diferenciales específicos. Aunque la etiología y patogénesis de la enfermedad aún no se comprenden completamente, se han identificado factores predisponentes como la genética, el estrés, las alteraciones nociplásticas y los cambios cognitivo-emocionales.