Executive functions and sustained attention: comparison between age groups of19-39 and 40-59 years old
Funções executivas e atenção sustentada: comparação entre adultos de 19-39 e 40-59 anos de idade
Dement. neuropsychol; 6 (1), 2012
Publication year: 2012
Few studies involving the cognition of middle-aged adults are available in the international literature, particularly investigating the process of cognitive aging, executive components and attention.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was toinvestigate whether there are differences in performance on neuropsychological tasks of executive functions and sustained attention between two age groups.Methods:
The sample consisted of 87 adults aged from 19 to 59 years old, divided intotwo groups according to the age variable (younger adults and middle-aged adults). All participants were Brazilian and hadno sensory, psychiatric or neurological disorders; subjects also had no history of alcohol abuse, and no self-reported use ofillicit drugs or antipsychotics. The neuropsychological instruments administered were the Hayling Test, Trail Making Test, BellsTest and verbal fluency tasks.Results:
Groups showed no significant differences in relation to sociodemographic variables,educational level or frequency of reading and writing habits. The younger adult group performed better than the middle-agedgroup on tasks that involved mainly processing speed, cognitive flexibility and lexical search.Conclusions:
These findingsserve as a valuable reference for cognitive processing in middle-aged adults, since a large number of comparative studiesfocus only on the younger and later phases of adulthood. Additional studies are needed to investigate possible interactionbetween different factors such as age and education.
Na literatura internacional são escassos os estudos envolvendo a cognição de adultos de meia idade, principalmente quando o objetivo é investigar o processo de envelhecimento cognitivo, de componentes executivos e de atenção.