Training of executive functionsin healthy elderly: results of a pilot study
Treino de funções executivas para idosos saudáveis: resultados de um estudo piloto
Dement. neuropsychol; 6 (1), 2012
Publication year: 2012
Executive functions (EF) refer to the cognitive skills necessary to formulate a goal, plan, execute plans effectively, and to perform self-monitoring and self-correction. Several aspects of EF change during the normal aging process.
Objectives:
To train skills associated with executive functions in the elderly and to detect possible impact on objective EFtests and self-reports of functional status.Methods:
A cross-sectional study involving an intervention and pre and posttesting was carried out. Study participants included 26 seniors assigned to an experimental group (EG) and given six sessionsof cognitive intervention, and 17 seniors assigned to a control group (CG) who completed pre and post testing only. Allparticipants were enrolled in an Open University for the Third Age.The following tests were used to measure outcome:
the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Story subtest of the Rivermead BehavioralMemory Test (RBMT) (versions A and B), semantic verbal fluency fruit category, and verbal fluency with phonologicalconstraints (FAS), WAIS-III Digit Span, Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Trail Making Part A and the Pfeffer Functional AssessmentQuestionnaire (PFAQ). Delta scores were calculated (post-test score minus pretest score) to assess the impact of theintervention.Results:
In the post test, the CG showed significant improvement on the RBMT Story recall and Digit Span buta decline in verbal fluency. The EG remained stable in terms of pre and post test scores.Conclusions:
The intervention didnot enhance performance on the EF tests. It is noteworthy that the EG received only a small number of sessions which maynot have been sufficient to generate improvement. Alternatively, the lack of group differences observed could be associatedto participation in other workshops offered at the university.
As funções executivas (FE) representam as capacidades cognitivas necessárias para formular um objetivo, planejar, executar planos de modo eficiente, monitorizar-se e autocorrigir-se. As FE sofrem alterações durante o processode envelhecimento normal.