The strategy for the control of schistosomiasis has shifted from one directed towards the interruption of transmission to one of reducing morbidity. As a consequence of this change, it appears prudent to reassess the role of the malacologist and malacology and identify the future direction to be taken by the discipline. The present paper addresses these concerns; first, by reviewing the role of the snail-hosts in the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis, and, secondly, by suggesting areas for future study. The possible application of newer methods in biotechnology for the resolution of malacological problems are discussed.