Acute promyeloclocytic leukemia can present coagulopathies which are frequently very serious due to hemorrhagic conditions. Treatment using anthracyclines and retinoids provide a good response. The development of arterial thrombosis is uncommon. In this work a 56-year-old male patient with acute arterial insufficiency was evaluated. This patient was immediately submitted to thromboembolectomy with the removal of a white thrombus. Postoperative tests showed acute promyelocytic leukemia with transposition (15;17) Treatment with ATRA and Idarubicin chemotherapy was initiated with the patients's response being satisfactory. Currently, the patient is incomplete remission and a recent cytogenetics test does not show the t(15;17).