Evaluación de factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes sobrevivientes de cáncer infantil
Assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer

Arch. argent. pediatr; 113 (2), 2015
Publication year: 2015

Introducción. Los sobrevivientes de cáncer infantil tienen un riesgo aumentado de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular y metabòlica en la adultez, secundaria al tratamiento oncològico recibido. Durante la adolescencia, se establecen hábitos que afectan negativamente el desarrollo de estas enfermedades. Objetivos. Estimar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiometabòlico en adolescentes sobrevivientes de cáncer infantil (ASCI) y compararlos con adolescentes sanos. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico.

Lugar:

Servicio de Adolescencia, Hospital Elizalde, Buenos Aires. Se incluyeron 61 ASCI y 138 adolescentes sanos.

Edades:

15 ± 3 años, rango de 10 a 21 años. Se relevò nivel de actividad física en los últimos 30 días, agregado de sal al plato de comida, consumo semanal de frutas y vegetales, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de cintura. Resultados. Los ASCI tuvieron significativamente mayor obesidad (19,7% contra 7,2%; p= 0,019; Odds Ratio 3,01) y circunferencia de cintura aumentada (19,7% contra 8%; p= 0,017; Odds Ratio 2,82) que los adolescentes sanos. Además, no consumían vegetales con mayor frecuencia (26,2% contra 13%; p= 0,017).

No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la prevalencia del resto de los factores de riesgo:

agregado habitual de sal al plato de comida (55,7%), no consumo de frutas (32,8%), bajo nivel de actividad física (60,7%), tabaquismo (4,9%) y consumo de alcohol (39%). Conclusiones. Los ASCI tuvieron mayor riesgo de obesidad y circunferencia de cintura aumentada; además, consumían menos vegetales que los adolescentes sin este antecedente. La prevalencia de los restantes factores de riesgo cardiometabòlico fue similar.
Introduction. Survivors of childhood cancer have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic disease as adults, secondary to cancer treatment. During adolescence, habits are developed which have a negative impact on the development of these conditions. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer (ASCC) and compare them to healthy adolescents. Population and methods. Cross-sectional, analytical study.

Location:

Department of Adolescence, Hospital Elizalde, Buenos Aires. Subjects included were 61 ASCC and 138 healthy adolescents.

Age:

15 ± 3 years old, range: 1021 years old. The level of physical activity in the past 30 days, adding salt to foods, weekly consumption of fruit and vegetables, tobacco use, alcohol use, body mass index, and waist circumference were analyzed. Results. ASCC were significantly more obese (19.7% versus 7.2%, p= 0.019, odds ratio 3.01) and had a larger waist circumference (19.7% versus 8%, p= 0.017, odds ratio 2.82) than healthy adolescents. In addition, they did not eat vegetables more frequently (26.2% versus 13%, p= 0.017).

No statistically significant differences were found in terms of prevalence for the other risk factors:

usually adding salt to foods (55.7%), lack of fruit consumption (32.8%), low level of physical activity (60.7%), tobacco use (4.9%), and alcohol use (39%). Conclusions. ASCC had a higher risk for obesity and a larger waist circumference; in addition, they ate less vegetables than adolescents without a history of cancer. The prevalence of the remaining factors for cardiometabolic risk was similar.

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