Background:

The global fertility rate (GFR) is defined as the mean number of children that a woman could have in a hypothetical cohort, not exposed to death during the fertile period. GFR has fallen from 3.4 to 1.9 children per women in the period 1970-2010.

Aim:

To explore the relationship between the fall in GFR and the incorporation of women to work in the period 1960-2011.

Material and Methods:

Data from the National Statistics Institute was used. GRF was calculated using specific fertility rates for each year considering women aged 15 to 49 years. Work rates were obtained from yearly vital statistics reports.

Results:

Between 1960 and 2011, GRF decreased from 5.5 to 1.9 in Chile. The first inflection occurred in 1970. In the same period, female workforce increased from 22.4 to 40.2%.

Conclusions:

To motivate the participation of female work­force without decrease the GRF allowing population replacement, it is suggested the need to create new public policies with benefits and support from the state.