CONTEXT:

Cutaneous melanoma presents significant morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, about 90 percent of them are diagnosed by clinical examination and most are localized melanomas. Sentinel node biopsy has brought about a new and interesting approach towards localized cutaneous melanoma. The meaning of micrometastases in sentinel nodes diagnosed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction is not well established.

OBJECTIVE:

To define the real value of micrometastases diagnosed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in relation to melanoma recurrence.

METHODS:

Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase and Lilacs were the databases searched.

We used the following key words:

sentinel node and melanoma; sentinel node and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; melanoma and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Cohort studies enrolling localized cutaneous melanoma patients who underwent sentinel node biopsy were selected. Sentinel node evaluations included hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:

Out of the 1,542 studies evaluated, four were eligible. The four studies, when combined, were statistically homogeneous.

The sample totaled 450 patients grouped as follows:

163 with a sentinel node negative to hematoxylin eosin and immunohistochemistry and positive to the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; 192 with a sentinel node negative to hematoxylin eosin, immunohistochemistry and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and 95 patients with a sentinel node positive to hematoxylin eosin and/or immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the first two groups. The meta-analysis for the random model showed an increased effect from a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on the recurrence rate. A similar result occurred in the meta-analysis for the fixed effect model.

CONCLUSION:

Patients with a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction had a greater recurrence rate than those with a negative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. This suggests an important role for the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in sentinel node examinations. In view of the small sample, a clinical trial could better evaluate this question