PURPOSE--To determine the frequency and main features of subsequent cardiovascular surgery in patients operated on for coarctation of the thoracic aorta. METHODS--One hundred and five patients operated on for coarctation of the aorta with a mean follow-up period of 14 years had their notes analysed. The patients were divided in 4 groups according to age at correction of the coarctation. The incidence of recoarctation repair and other cardiovascular operations were noted. RESULTS--Surgical morbidity was important: 33 per cent . Recoarctation occurred in 14 per cent of the cases, mainly in those who had the coarctation resected during the first year of life. Operation for other cardiovascular defects was necessary in 24.5 per cent of the cases. Among these, correction of left-to-right shunts was done in 50 per cent of the patients who had the coarctation resected in the first year of life. Relief of aortic stenosis was the most frequent procedure (73 per cent ), tends to be more frequent the other is the patient at coarctation repair and more than one procedure may be necessary in some cases. CONCLUSION--Reoperation is frequent in the long term of patients operated on for coarctation of the aorta. The elective coarctation should be repaired after the first year of life hoping to avoid recoarctation. Routine follow-up is advisable for all patients aiming to detect residual left-to-right shunts and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Family counseling regarding prognosis after coarctation resection is recommended