PURPOSE--To evaluate pre and post-hemodynamic changes after thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism with multiple pulmonary segments compromised. METHODS--Nine patients, 5 females, aged between 27 and 83 (mean 62 +/- 16) years, with the onset of symptoms preceding 7 days, were submitted to thrombolytic therapy, administered after baseline perfusion-ventilation lung scan, echodopplercardiography (ECO) and hemodynamic measurements with a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. The same procedures were done after the thrombolytic infusion. Streptokinase (SK) was used in 7 (78) cases and recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA, alteplase) in 2 with the following doses: SK-250,000 i.u. infusion over 30 min, then 100,000 i.v/h over 24 to 72 h and rt-PA-20 mg in bolus infusion, then 80 mg over 6 h. Thrombolytic was infused in pulmonary artery trunk in 8 (88) cases and a peripheral vein in 1 (12) case, until mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) reached 20 mmHg. All patients received i.v. heparin and oral anticoagulation after thrombolytic therapy. RESULTS--A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in right atrial pressure (12 +/- 3 vs 8 +/- 2 mmHg), PAP (32 +/- 5 vs 19 +/- 2 mmHg), pulmonary vascular resistance (397 +/- 125 vs 87 +/- 24 dyne.s/cm5) and increase in cardiac output (3.4 +/- 0.5 vs 5.5 +/- 1.0 l/min) and stroke volume (30 +/- 5 vs 57 +/- 10 ml/beat) were observed after thrombolytic infusion. Two patients died as a result of pulmonary infection unrelated to the embolic event or thrombolysis. Minor bleeding complications occurred in two cases and major in one patient with orthopedic prosthesis. CONCLUSION--Thrombolytic therapy exert desirable effects on hemodynamic abnormalities, achieving lungs scan and ECO improvement in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.