Câncer gastrintestinal: impacto nutricional em pacientes hospitalizados

Damo, Cássia Cassol; Pelissaro, Elisa; Cibulski, Taíne Paula; Calcing, Aline; Basso, Tatiane

Introdução: O câncer gastrintestinal caracteriza-se pela localização no trato digestório, acome- tendo com maior incidência o cólon, reto, estômago, cavidade oral e esôfago. O estado nutricional de pacientes com este tipo de câncer é comumente afetado devido aos sintomas da doença e ao tratamento, que podem dificultar a ingestão alimentar, causar má absorção dos nutrientes e, consequentemente, comprometer o estado nutricional. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de delineamento transversal, realizado com adultos e idosos internados no Hospital São Vicente de Paulo de Passo Fundo, RS, para tratamento oncológico, com diagnóstico de câncer gastrintestinal. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de consulta em prontuário médico e anamnese nutricional. Foram coletados dados demográficos, clínicos, alimentares, antropométricos e aplicada a Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente (ASG-PPP) durante as primeiras 24 horas de inter- nação, para posterior classificação do estado nutricional.

Resultados:

Participaram 102 pacientes, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino e idosos, com idade média de 60,7 anos (±11,43). Quanto à localização do tumor, prevaleceu a neoplasia de intestino (n=66). De acordo com a ASG-PPP, 28,4% dos pacientes encontravam-se bem nutridos, 56,9% com desnutrição moderada/suspeita e 14,7% com desnutrição grave. A perda de peso foi registrada em 79,75% da amostra (n=63). A desnutrição moderada foi a prevalente nas neoplasias de estômago, pâncreas e intestino. O sintoma mais referido foi a inapetência (n=24). Conclusões: O estado nutricional e a ingestão alimentar dos pacientes estudados sofreram depleção durante a internação, estando a maioria com algum grau de desnutrição, necessitando de um acompanhamento nutricional adequado.(AU)

Introduction:

Gastrointestinal neoplasms are characterized by occurring in the digestive system, affecting mostly organs like colon, rectum, stomach, oral cavity and esophagus. Nutritional status is frequently affected due to the prognostic of this kind of cancer. The treatment, which commonly interferes in diet quality and metabolism of some nutrients, makes the patient to lose weight and consequently his/her nutritional status.

Methods:

Descriptive research with cross-sectional delineation regarding adult and senior patients at São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil, during their oncological treatment for gastrointestinal neoplasms. Data were collected from consulting medical records and nutritional history. Demographic, clinic, dietetic and anthropometric data was collected applied to a Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PGSGA) during first 24 hours hospitalization for a later nutritional evaluation.

Results:

102 patients participated in the study, most of them were elderly female, with average age of 60.7 years old (±11.43). Intestine cancer prevailed regarding location of the neoplasms. According to PGSGA, 28.4% were found well nourished, 56.9% were found with moderate/suspicious malnutrition and, 14.7% with severe malnutrition. Weight lost was registered in 79.75% of sample (n=63). Moderate malnutri- tion prevailed regarding stomach, pancreas and intestine neoplasm. Innapetence was the most common symptom (n=24).

Conclusions:

Nutritional status and food intake of the studied patients decreased considerably during hospitalization, being the majority of them with some degree of malnutrition and in need of an adequate nutritional monitoring.(AU)