Sarcoid-like paracoccidioidomycosis: case report
Paracoccidioidomicose sarcoídica: relato de caso
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto); 50 (5), 2017
Publication year: 2017
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides spp, is the
most prevalent systemic mycosis in immunocompetent individuals in Brazil. The fungus lives in the soil
and usually infects the patient through inhalation of airborne propagules, the lungs being the portal of
entry. In areas of larger endemicity, such as Brazil, the annual incidence reaches 3 cases per 100,000
inhabitants. Cutaneous lesions in PCM are frequent and ulcer or ulcerous-vegetative lesions are the
commonest morphological type, followed by the infiltrative pattern. The histology shows a dermal granulomatous
inflammation. Infiltrative PCM can be easily misdiagnosed, once clinical and histological similarities
may occur specially with cutaneous sarcoidosis. We describe a case of cutaneous
paracoccidioidomycosis misdiagnosed as sarcoidosis both in clinical examination and in the histopathological
analysis. Further exams confirmed Paracoccidioides sp. as the causative agent through mycological
cultures and Grocott’s stain. We believe this case may help physicians around the world to suspect and
consider PCM as a differential diagnosis, especially if the patient has traveled to endemic area or the
current therapy for sarcoidosis lacks clinical improvement. (AU)