Lung biopsy with guillotine cutting needle and biopsy forceps though transdiaphragmatic thoracoscopy in dogs with pulmonary alterations
Biópsia pulmonar com agulha cortante guilhotinada e pinça de biopsia por toracoscopia transdiafragmática em cães com alterações pulmonares
Pesqui. vet. bras; 38 (11), 2018
Publication year: 2018
Lung diseases are common in small animal clinical routine. Diagnosis is usually affected due to nonspecific symptoms. Imaging features such as radiography and chest ultrasound are acceptable screening tests, although lung biopsy can provides a precise diagnosis. Thus thoracoscopy provides a minimally invasive diagnostic assessment for chest diseases and offers the benefits such as improved illumination and magnification of the image when compared with thoracotomy. In this study we evaluated the transdiaphragmatic thoracoscopic-assisted techniques of lung biopsy with a the guillotine cutting needle and biopsy forceps, in dogs presenting radiographic suspicion on pulmonary tumors. Fourteen dogs regardless of breed, gender, age and body weight admitted at the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics (HCV) of the Veterinary College (FAVET) of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), were assessed. Inclusion criteria were presence of nodules on chest radiography and triage tests without changes that could hinder general anesthesia and surgical approach.
The animals were positioned in dorsal recumbence and two thoracoscopic ports were established:
the first port for working instruments; the second paraxyphoid port for the telescope. Three samples were collected using each sampling method from each lesion or from tumors macroscopically similar whenever their size was less than one centimeter. The samples were sent for histopathological examination in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of FAVET/UFRGS. Surgical time was recorded from first incision to wound closure and surgical complications were reported. The dogs were evaluated for the presence of subcutaneous emphysema, hematoma, seroma, local infection and dehiscence. No conversion to open surgery was necessary during the thoracoscopic procedure in any patient. Thoracoscopic assisted biopsy using guillotine needle and biopsy forceps was a safe and fast technique, without perioperative complications. Both devices provided good quality samples for histopathological analysis of lung abnormalities. However the cutting guillotine needle was more efficient especially in larger pulmonary nodules. The transdiaphragmatic access provided optimal approach for both hemithoraces.(AU)
As afecções pulmonares são comuns na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, todavia, por apresentarem sintomas inespecíficos, muitas vezes o diagnóstico dessas doenças torna-se limitado. Recursos de imagem como a radiografia e a ultrassonografia torácica são válidos como exames de triagem, mas somente a biopsia pulmonar pode possibilitar um diagnóstico específico da doença. A toracoscopia fornece um meio minimamente invasivo de diagnóstico para as doenças torácicas e oferece os benefícios de melhor iluminação e ampliação da imagem, quando comparado com a toracotomia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as técnicas de biópsia pulmonar por meio da agulha cortante guilhotinada e da pinça de biopsia, guiadas por toracoscopia, pelo acesso transdiafragmático em cães que apresentavam imagem sugestiva de nódulo pulmonar em exame radiográfico prévio. Foram utilizados 14 cães, independente de raça, sexo, idade e peso corporal. Somente caninos com nódulos visíveis na radiografia torácica e que apresentaram condições clínicas e laboratoriais de serem anestesiados foram incluídos no estudo.