Mejora del conocimiento y conducta alimentaria de los adolescentes con una intervención educativa basada en orientación alimentaria
Improvement of knowledge and feeding behavior of adolescents with an educational intervention based on food orientation

Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc; 26 (4), 2018
Publication year: 2018

Métodos:

estudio cuasiexperimental, con 32 adolescentes entre 15 y 17 años. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado pretest y postest de un programa educativo de orientación alimentaria con base en la NOM-043-SSA2-2012. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva y t de Student no paramétrica para observar la diferencia (p ≤ 0.05).

Resultados:

el 56.2% de los adolescentes de ambos sexos se encuentran en Normopeso. El sobrepeso fue mayor en hombres (44.5%) que en mujeres (35.7%). Hubo incremento en el consumo de agua pura (20%) y disminución del consumo de refresco o agua de sabor (8%). También aumentó el consumo de frutas y verduras (18%), cereales y tubérculos (16%), y alimentos de origen animal (9%). La diferencia pretest y postest fue significativa (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusión:

la intervención educativa basada en orientación alimentaria tiene un efecto positivo sobre el conocimiento reforzando la conducta alimentaria de los adolescentes.

Introduction:

Adolescents are susceptible to unhealthy eating behaviors that trigger health problems such as obesity, malnutrition or eating disorders.

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention based on food orientation to improve knowledge and eating behavior of high school students.

Methods:

Quasi-Experimental study, with 32 adolescents between 15 and 17 years old. A structured pre-test and post-test questionnaire was applied to an educational food orientation program based on NOM-043-SSA2-2012. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and nonparametric Student t to observe the difference (p ≤ 0.05).

Results:

56.2% of adolescents of both sexes are in Normopeso. Overweight was higher in men (44.5%) than in women (35.7%). There was an increase in the consumption of pure water (20%) and a decrease in the consumption of soft drink or water of flavor (8%). The consumption of fruits and vegetables (18%), cereals and tubers (16%) and foods of animal origin (9%) also increased. The pretest and posttest difference was significant (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions:

The educational intervention based on food orientation has a positive effect on knowledge by reinforcing the adolescents' eating behavior.

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