The triatomine vectors (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) responsible for the transmission of Chagas disease are widely prevalent from the southern United States southward throughout much of Central and South America, ending in southern Argentina and Chile. Across this broad region, several important vector species serve as the main mode of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative parasite of Chagas disease, to human hosts. Belize, a country in Central America, has reported the presence of a competent, infected vector species and limited instances of human disease. While several factors influencing vector presence have been described in the southern districts of Belize, the species distribution and associated attributes of household invasion in the north had not been investigated. Here, we compare methods for surveillance of triatomine vectors within households of northern and central Belize. The only vector species recorded, T. dimidiata, was designated sylvatic in nature, having strong implications for further ix surveillance and control strategies. Surveys targeting 20 ecological and social attributes associated with local households were modeled to determine association with T. dimidiata invasion. The final multivariate regression model developed from this data determined that T. dimidiata invasion was associated with the presence of peridomestic animals and proximity of community light sources. Because the presence data of triatomine vectors in Belize are scarce, ecological niche models were developed with source data from neighboring countries of Central America. Presence data from the region were modeled with respect to altitude and climate data layers to develop predictive maps for T. dimidiata and another important Central American vector, Rhodnius prolixus. Altitude and temperature profiles were both associated with the predicted presence of these common vector species. Initial assays for determining the effects of commonly used insecticides on colony-reared T. dimidiata are also described. There is some evidence that common control practices must be altered to achieve any effect on the target vector population. Collectively, the information gained from this research has direct bearing on surveillance and control of Chagas disease vectors in Belize, and may be used to strengthen ongoing efforts of local programs.