Aged (21 months) cognitively-impaired male Sprague Duwley rats received intraventricular infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF) or cytochrome C (Cit C) for 14 or 28 days using miniosmotic pumps and were evaluated either 1 week or 3 months after treatment. Groups of untreated young, aged-impaired and aged non-impaired rats were also evaluated. Under narcose recording and stimulating electrodes were stereotactically implanted in the dentate gyrus and the perforant path. The stimulation intensity was individually adjusted to obtain a half-maximal population spike (P) for test stimuli and a quarter-maximal for tetanization. The amplitude and latency of P and the slope (S) of the field EPSP were determinated before and at 2, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after tetanization at 400 Hz. Paired stimuli at 30 ms inerval were also applied before and afeter tetanization. Aged, cognitively impaired rats showed an absent S potentiation and a delayed P potentiation, both in amplitude and latency, while non-impaired rats behaved like the young controls. Paired pulse inhibition showed no difference among groups before or after tetanization suggesting that the impaired potentiation is not due to an increased retroactive inhibition. NGF treatment ameliorates LTP deficits to levels equivalent to non-impaired rats, while Cit C controls showed no improvement. No differences appear among NGF treated groups, but evidence suggest that the animals evaluated 3 months after treatment developed a stronger potentiation