Efeito do tratamento clínico sobre os índices de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV

Lima, Enéas Martins de Oliveira

Embora o tratamento anti-retroviral (HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy) tenha reduzido a morbi-mortalidade da AIDS, ele está associado a distúrbios metabólicos e aumento do perfil de risco cardiovascular. Os escores de risco cardiovascular são freqüentemente usados para direcionar os programas de intervenções na redução do risco cardiovascular. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o efeito de um programa de prevenção primária sobre o risco cardiovascular estimado por três diferentes escores de risco cardiovascular. Analisamos prospectivamente 87 pacientes HIV+ encaminhados ambulatório de cardiologia, com risco cardiovascular elevado.

Foram aplicados três escores de risco cardiovascular:

Framingham (FR), PROCAM (PR) e ATP III do NCEP (ATP-III) em 4 etapas: Inicial e trinta dias, três meses e seis meses após intervenção por meio de um programa de prevenção. Adotamos para este estudo o conceito de baixo risco os indivíduos que apresentaram valores dos escores abaixo de 10%, para as complicações cardiovasculares nos próximos 10 anos, e risco elevado se os valores dos escores fossem acima de 10%. Todos os pacientes receberam orientações para adoção de estilo de vida saudável (atividade física, combate ao tabagismo, uso de alimentos saudáveis) e terapêutica farmacológica, quando indicado (hipolipemiantes e anti-hipertensivos). A nossa população teve como média das idades 52 anos, 92% eram do sexo masculino, 39,1% tabagistas, 70,1% com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e 18,4% com diabetes mellitus. Todos os pacientes usaram HAART, e 56,3% faziam uso dos inibidores de protease, e nenhum paciente teve sua terapia trocada (switched)...

Although HAART therapy has reduced AIDS morbid-mortality, it is associated to metabolic disturbances and increased cardiac risk profile. It is well established in clinical cardiology that cardiac risk scores can predict cardiovascular complications with great accuracy and are useful to guide interventions toward risk reduction. We designed this study to analyze the effect of a primary prevention intervention program on the estimated cardiovascular risk and to compare the power of three different risk scores to detect risk reduction in a short time window.

Methods:

We prospectively evaluated 87 HIV + patients referred for cardiologic consultation for primary prevention and we assessed their cardiac risk applying 3 risk scores: Framingham (FR), PROCAM (PR) and National Cholesterol Education Program (ATP-III) in four steps: before and 30 days, 3 months and 6 months after intervention. For this study cardiovascular risk was classified as low if it was predicted less than 10% risk of cardiac complications for the next 10 years, or elevated, if it was higher than 10%. All patients were included in a cardiovascular prevention program and received non-pharmacological concealing (diet, physical activity prescription, smoking cessation advice) and pharmacological therapy, when appropriate (hypolipidemic and anti-hypertensive medications). Deviations in risk scores were compared using Fisher`s exact test at a p < .05 significance level. In our population, the mean age was 52 yrs, 92% were male, 39.1% were smokers, 70.1% had hypertension, 18.4% had diabetes. All patients were under HAART therapy, 56.3 % were receiving protease inhibitors, and no patient had his therapy switched...