Worldwide only 43% of infants infected with HIV have access to antiretroviral treatment (ART). Despite significant global efforts to expand access to paediatric treatment, coverage lags behind adult ART and may not reach the 90-90-90 goals by 2020 as set by UNAIDS [2]. Resolving this paediatric ART gap is a public health priority in high HIV burden countries, particularly as mortality is high within the first 2–3 months of life and 50% of untreated HIVinfected children die within the first two years of life. Failure to diagnose HIV-infected infants soon after birth is one of the leading causes for low paediatric ART coverage. Fewer than 43% of HIV-exposed infants in low and middleincome countries are tested within two months of age. This is often because early HIV infant diagnosis (EID) tests are only provided at the 4–6 weeks post-natal visit, and not when infants present for care in other settings. To address this, WHO recommends a number of strategies for identifying HIV-infected infants at other entry points of the health system, including testing at birth . Birth testing enables early diagnosis of in utero infected infants and may be an important addition to routine 4–6 week screening, especially in settings where post-natal retention is low or when mothers seek follow-on care at other health facilities. However, in many resource-limited countries, mothers remain at maternity facilities for less than 24–36 hours after delivery and current EID approaches can take up to four weeks or longer to complete . Point-of-care (POC) EID may enable rapid on-site birth testing in maternity facilities, and early treatment and prevention support before infants leave the facility. Previous studies have shown that POC and near POC technologies used for EID have comparable analytical performance with laboratory-based instruments . Furthermore, HIV POC testing of infants at 4–6 weeks of age led to significantly reduced test turnaround times and increased ART initiation rates. We therefore evaluated the feasibility, performance and diagnostic yield of rapid POC EID at birth within primary health care maternity wards in Mozambique.