Maternal factors and exposure to pathogens have an impact on infant health. For instance, HIV exposed but uninfected infants have higher morbidity and mortality than HIV unexposed infants. Innate responses are the first line of defense and orchestrate the subsequent adaptive immune response and are espec...
The effect of timing of exposure to first Plasmodium falciparum infections during early childhood on the induction of innate and adaptive cytokine responses and their contribution to the development of clinical malaria immunity is not well established. As part of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-contr...
Background: Increased susceptibility to malaria during pregnancy is not completely understood. Cellular immune responses mediate both pathology and immunity but the effector responses involved in these processes have not been fully characterized. Maternal and fetal cytokine and chemokine responses to mal...
According to UNAIDS, there were a total of 36.7 million people living with HIV and 2.1 million new infections in 2015. Eastern and Southern Africa continues to be most severely affected, accounting for 51.7% of the total global infections. Antiretroviral therapy has contributed to slowing the HIV epidemi...
