When Mozambique became independent in 1975, the country was one of the poorest countries in the world. Most of the people lived ~ in extreme poverty and were illiterate, with an illiteracy rate ' that was in between 85-90%;(UNDP,1993) The people suffered from preventable ,communicable diseases, with high rates of maternal and child deaths. Only about 10% of the population had access to health care services. Development policies which were formulated then, had to focus on the urgent need to address the social inequalities that existed between the rural and urban populations. The government led by FRELIMO opted to follow the socioeconomic policies that were based on a socialist model. Health sector services were nationalized and the government adopted the system of primary health care with the development of primary level health care facilities and the training of middle and lower level categories of health care personnel like medical assistants . (tecnicos), mother and child health (MCH) nurses, and village health workers. Vaccination programme proved a big success making Mozambique by then a model of Primary Health Care in sub-Saharan Africa.This was a success achieved by the PHC workers. Out of the self-help programmes, the number of peripheral health units increased from 446 in 1975 to 1039 in 1981, an increase of more than 130% in a six year period. The successful implementation of health and education programmes, mirrored the good intentions of the FRELIMO's government towards the majority of the population which is largely rural. Since 1980, the RENAMO war started, population displacement and lack of accessibility to parts of the country; drought, floods, and lack of food, all compounded the. ill health effect on the Mozambican people. In 1984, the wave of Structural Adjustment Programmes gripped the Mozambican government which then signed the IMF /World Bank agreement for financial support. Thereafter, the socio-economic consequences of the IMF policies have been evident in the people,with a fall in the public expenditure per capita on health impinging on the already weakened health of the people .