Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Mozambique poses serious health hazards for miners and communities. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been requested to assist the Ministry of Health of Mozambique (MISAU) to develop a Public Health Strategy as part of the National Action Plan (NAP) required under Article 7 of the Minamata Convention. This report presents an assessment of the institutional readiness to detect, prevent and address health issues associated with ASGM and aims to provide an input to the Ministry of Health (MISAU) to define key priorities in the Public Health Strategy on ASGM. Based on the consultation of representatives of MISAU as well as various other ministries and stakeholder groups concerned with ASGM, the report assesses institutional capacity strengths and challenges in the public health sector and identifies key stakeholders relevant for the development and implementation of a public health strategy for the ASGM sector.