Already a major cause of death and disability in high-income countries, the burden of stroke in sub-Saharan Africa is also expected to be high. However, specific stroke data are scarce from resource-poor countries. We studied the incidence, characteristics, and short-term consequences of hospitalizations for stroke in Maputo, Mozambique. Methods—Over 12 months, comprehensive data from all local patients admitted to any hospital in Maputo with a new stroke event were prospectively captured according to the World Health Organization’s STEPwise approach to stroke surveillance program. Disability levels (pre- and posthospital discharge) and short-term case-fatality (in-hospital and 28 days) were also studied. Results—Overall, 651 new stroke events (mean age 59.113.2 years and 53% men) were captured by the registry with 601 confirmed by CT scan (83.4%) or necropsy (8.9%). Crude and adjusted (world reference population) annual incidence rates of stroke were 148.7 per 100 000 and 260.1 per 100 000 aged 25 years, respectively. Of these, 531 (81.6%) represented a first-ever stroke event comprising 254 ischemic (42.0%) and 217 (36.1%) an intracerebral hemorrhage. Before admission, 561 patients (86.2%) had hypertension and 271 (41.6%) had symptoms for 24 hours. In-hospital and 28-day case-fatality were 33.3% and 49.6% (72.3% for hemorrhagic stroke), respectively. From almost no preadmission disability, 64.4% of 370 survivors at 28 days had moderate-to-severe disability. Conclusions—The burden of disease associated with stroke is high in Maputo, emphasizing the importance of primary prevention and improvement of the standards of care in a developing country under epidemiological transition